The Mapuche (Mapudungun mapu," land ", che" people ":" people of the earth ") are a people South American origin that inhabits southern Chile and southwest Argentina.
On arrival of the 'conquistadores' English in the sixteenth century, inhabited between the valley of Aconcagua and the archipelago of Chiloé, in the current Chilean territory. The northern bias, called "picunches" by historians, were partially under the control or influenced by the Inca Empire, but who lived in the territory south of the Bio Bio river were completely separate and opposed the English in the War of Arauco, where they showed a remarkable control of the horse, which was an important factor in the development of their culture. Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, the Mapuche were expanded to the east of the Andes, in some cases violently and peacefully in others, a process that brought about the acculturation of tehuelches and other groups of nomadic hunters.
late nineteenth century, the Argentine and Chilean state occupied the territories inhabited by autonomous Mapuche by military operations called "Conquest of the Desert" and "Pacification of Araucanía", respectively.
In the XX and XXI centuries, have lived a 'process of assimilation' to the dominant societies in both countries and there are logical expressions of cultural resistance and struggles for recognition of rights and the recovery of autonomy.
They also called Arauca , name that dominates the historiography for the period from the first contacts with the English until the nineteenth century, about ...
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